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There is an opportunity for nurses to better explain what we do, to break the myths around nursing and to advocate for investment in the profession. This study endeavoured to explore the role of nurse leadership to invest in nursing to secure global health and to identify role of nurse leaders according to their demographic variables. An exploratory sequential mixed method re- search design was selected in this study. Through purposeful sampling, the researcher selected 60 nurse administrators. Data was collected from the nurse administrators in the form of an electronic survey and virtual face-to- face semi structured interview method after obtaining a formal permission. The data collected from them was utilised only for the purpose of the study and was kept confidential. The final analysis summarised the findings that emerged from both quantitative and qualitative data. In the present study there were 50 (83.3%) females and 10 males (16.7 %) and them had nurse administrators 52(86.6%) of experience. The results covered the issues like current status of nurses, ways and benefits to invest in nursing for global health and the role of nurse leaders in investing in nursing for global Health. Nurses are the head honchos and lifeline of health-care organisations but still lack recognition. Concern on this has been expressed by many, but till date no strong visible implementation of laws and policies are seen. Nurses need to take initiation and leadership at higher levels to bring change in the existing scenario and implement the recommendations regarding basic pay and maximum working hours per week..
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Objective:To deeply explore the real work of primary, secondary and tertiary prevention of stroke in general hospitals, rehabilitation and pension institutions and community health service centers (stations), and to provide reference for improving the level of comprehensive prevention of stroke in the medical system.Methods:From July to November 2022, face-to-face semi-structured interviews with 18 medical staff in general hospitals, 10 medical staff in rehabilitation and pension institutions, and 8 medical staff in community health service centers (stations) were conducted by phenomenological research methods. Colaizzi 7-step analysis method was used to analyze the interview data, and Nvivo12 software was used to code the interview data.Results:Four themes were extracted: hospitals, institutions and communities all played an important role in the comprehensive prevention of stroke and actively cooperated with each other; the public was still lack of comprehensive prevention awareness and correct cognition of stroke; lack of professional medical resources hindered the development of comprehensive stroke prevention; incomplete collaborative mechanism of comprehensive prevention of stroke in hospitals, institutions and communities.Conclusions:In the current comprehensive prevention of stroke, there are still problems such as weak public awareness of prevention, insufficient professional medical resources, and imperfect coordination mechanism. In view of the advantages of medical institutions at all levels, it is necessary to clarify the responsibilities of the system at all levels and explore efficient and sustainable coordination mechanism, so as to improve the comprehensive prevention level of stroke in the medical system.
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With the economic development of China and transformation of medical model, people pay more attention to their spiritual world and psychological health, and medical psychology has become a major in urgent need of construction. Foreign medical/clinical psychology education was established earlier and has become relatively mature, thus making its experience valuable for reference. This paper compares and analyzes the current situation of undergraduate medical psychology education, and puts forward optimization strategies from the aspects of college planning, curriculum training scheme and teachers’ teaching philosophy, hoping to provide some ideas for the construction of undergraduate medical psychology education in China.
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Objective: To analyze the current status and problems in the process of transfer and transformation of health science and technology achievements, and propose countermeasures. Methods: A total of four universities, two research institutes, two medical institutions, two biomedical innovation enterprises and two biomedical industrial clusters were selected as the research subjects using the purposive sampling method. Field investigations and qualitative interviews were conducted. Additionally, relevant literature was reviewed to analyze the progress, achievements, main experiences, and problems in the process of health science and technology achievement transfer and transformation in China. Results: The policy for transformation of health science and technology achievements in China is gradually improving. There is a steady growth in investment in scientific and technological innovation, leading to continuous emergence of transformative achievements. The innovative entities are growing, and the service system for achievement transformation is being established with expanding capital support. However, challenges persist, including the lack of an effective evaluation system to promote achievement transformation, shortages of specialized service organizations and talents for transformation, unclear guideline for the transformation and industrialization of scientific and technological outcome, insufficient innovation research and development institutes in biomedical, and imperfection in the mechanism for transforming scientific and technological program achievements. Conclusion: Although great progress has been made in the transformation of health science and technology achievements in China, the quality and quantity of achievement still need to be improved. It is urgent to establish and implement an evaluation system for achievements transformation, accomplish the construction of specialized service institutions and the training of versatile talents for transformation, highlight the market-oriented mechanism for scientific and technological achievements transformation, explore system and mechanism reform, establish the mechanism for transforming scientific and technological program achievements in a faster pace, and optimize the policy, so as to promote the high-quality transfer and transformation of health science and technology achievements.
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Objective:To analyse the settings of sub-campus of public hospitals directly under the National Health Commission, so as to provide research reference and suggestions for further promoting the scientific and standardized construction of sub-campuses of public hospitals.Methods:Data before August 30, 2022 were collected from the official websites of the hospitals in question including their introduction, overview, navigation, news and other categories of information.Relevant literatures on multi-campus published by hospitals under the direct management of the National Health Commission were obtained from the China National Knowledge Network, which was identified by searching the keywords " sub or multi-campus hospital" with " author affiliation", using such search conditions as " MeSH major topic" or " title/keywords/abstract" of the studied hospitals in advanced search builder. Descriptive analysis and frequency analysis were conducted on the numbers, the construction reasons, geographical location, operation scale, characteristics and positioning of the sub-campuses in the studied hospitals.Results:Of the 44 such hospitals, 30 had a total of 50 sub-campuses in operation. Generally there were two modes of construction. 35 were newly constructed and 15 formed by mergers; 37 sub-campuses were built and put into operation since 2010. Sub-campuses were usually located in the same area of the main campus, with 11 in the same area of the same city and areas, 35 in different areas of the same city, and 4 in different cities; the average geographical distance between the sub-campus and the main hospital campus was 31.18 kilometers; 27 sub-campuses had beds ≤ 500, 12 sub-campuses had beds between 501-1 000, 11 had beds>1 000; 14 specialized sub-campuses and 31 out of the 35 comprehensive sub-campuses clearly indicating their characteristics of specialized departments, and 1 other (research institute areas with research beds).Conclusions:Future proofing is characteristic of these public hospitals in terms of their sub-campus construction, regional setting, planning and positioning, and functional layout. However, both government regulatory departments and public hospitals should comprehensively consider and make prudent decisions on the planning, investment, demonstration, layout, and other aspects of the construction of sub-campuses of hospitals.
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Objective:To analyze the current development of ethics committees in China, for reference in promoting their progress to catch up with the current social development in China.Methods:From July to August 2022, a self-designed questionnaire was used to survey the status of ethics committees in secondary and above hospitals, the disease prevention and control centers and infectious disease hospitals nationwide, using multi-stage stratified sampling method for sampling. A descriptive analysis of questionnaire data was made on the data so collected. In 2022, 22 ethics committees were selected through stratified sampling based on the eastern, central, and western economic zones, and in-depth interviews were conducted with their secretaries. The interviews covered such factors as issues encountered in ethics review, specific suggestions for medical ethics training work, and the necessity of establishing an independent third-party social evaluation institution for ethics committees. The grounded theory was used to encode the interview data in three levels, and NVivo 11.0 software was used for coverage, emotion recognition and word frequency analysis.Results:107 questionnaires were effectively collected, covering 23 provincial-level administrative regions. Among them, 63 ethics committees operated as an independent office; 49 of the committees had one ethics expert as their member, and 80 institutional administrators served as the committee chairpersons at the same time; 107 institutions had developed their articles of association and ethical review regulations; 21 had not yet established a tracking and review mechanism; 33 institutions had not conducted education and training activities for the public, and only 25 institutions had passed the certification of relevant ethical certification systems at home and abroad. The results of the grounded theory analysis showed the following three problems in the construction of ethics committees: efficiency and quality of ethical review, ethical training, and multi-institution construction. Among the secondary nodes, the reference points focused on member capacity ( 24), work operation ( 24) and training activities ( 17) .Conclusions:At present, the ethics committees in China were steadily developing and were not yet perfect in terms of infrastructure, membership composition, review and supervision, education and training, and evaluation and accreditation. It is necessary to further optimize the allocation of resources, improve the membership structure and the proportion of experts from different specialties participating in ethical review, and strengthen the construction of regional ethic committees.
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Objective:To learn about the epidemic situation and trend of human brucellosis in Menyuan Hui Autonomous County (referred to as Menyuan County) of Qinghai Province, and to provide reference for formulating brucellosis prevention and control measures in Menyuan County.Methods:Data on human brucellosis in Menyuan County reported by the Infectious Disease Reporting Information Management System of China Disease Control and Prevention Information System from 2013 to 2020 were collected and analyzed by descriptive epidemiological analysis (three distribution).Results:A total of 186 cases of brucellosis were confirmed from 2013 to 2020, with an average annual incidence of 14.553/100 000. The annual incidence rate was increasing year by year(χ 2trend = 22.08, P = 0.002). The cases were distributed in 67 villages of 12 towns; cases were more common in the age group of 15-< 65 years old (96.24%, 179/186), and there were more men than women cases (sex ratio was 3.89∶1.00, 148/38). Conclusions:The incidence rate of brucellosis cases in Menyuan County is increasing year by year, and the scope of its impact is constantly expanding. A multi-sectoral joint prevention and control mechanism should be established to strengthen management, increase the prevention and control of brucellosis, and stop the spread of the epidemic to surrounding counties and cities.
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Antimicrobial resistance is one of the serious health threats in the world and death due to it is projected to reach up to 10 million every year by 2050. In India, the government implemented a National Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance (NAP-AMR) intending to develop a laboratory-based AMR surveillance system, guidelines and practices to promote the awareness of the rational use of antibiotics in healthcare communities. In this plane, only five major hospitals are included which is not sufficient to provide the actual status of AMR. The present study focused on the AMR patterns analysis for bacteria isolated from the different health units in SSB heart and multispecialty hospital, Faridabad, Haryana. Clinically relevant samples such as pus & Body fluid, respiratory, urine and blood samples from the suspected patients were screened over a period of 5 months (February to June 2021) and AMR pattern analysis was carried out by using the disc diffusion method (Kirby–Bauer test) and interpretation was made as per the guidelines of recent Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. The study revealed that E. coli was the most dominated resistant bacteria. Moreover, aminoglycosides showed 55% resistance against maximum bacterial isolates from respiratory samples while fosfomycin had higher sensitivity i.e. 85% against pathogens from urine samples. The present study concluded that regular susceptibility testing should be conducted with a defined interval to detect the current trend of resistance which helps clinicians in the effective infectious disease management and leads to reducing the burden of AMR.
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Resumen La presente investigación se basó en la caracterización técnica y productiva del sistema bovino lechero del cantón Bolívar (latitud: -0.841025 longitud: -80.1667) perteneciente a la provincia de Manabí, con el objetivo de realizar el levantamiento de información del estado actual del mismo. Para esto, se conoció el número total de socios activos en ASOGABO (Asociación de Ganaderos del Cantón Bolívar) y se realizó el cálculo de la muestra (10 socios), seguidamente se diseñó un cuestionario, una ficha (aplicada durante 7 días a la hora del ordeño) y se tomó como referencia una lista de verificación del MAGAP. Mediante aquellas herramientas se logró conocer que, en la mayoría de las fincas, la cantidad de leche obtenida es baja en relación a la región Sierra, así mismo, se estableció que finca, grupo genético y tiempo de lactancia influyen estadísticamente en la producción lechera. Por otra parte, se determinó que ninguna finca cumplía con los requisitos establecidos por las buenas prácticas pecuarias en la producción de leche, destacándose tres aspectos como los principales problemas (infraestructura, alimentación y manejo del ordeño).
Abstract This research was based on the technical and productive characterization of the dairy cattle system in the Bolívar canton (latitude: -0.841025 longitude: -80.1667) of the province of Manabí, in order to gather information on its current status. For this, the total number of active members of ASOGABO (Cattlemen's Association of Canton Bolivar) was known and the sample was calculated (10 members), then a questionnaire was designed, a card (applied during 7 days at milking time) and a MAGAP checklist was used as a reference. Using these tools, it was found that, in most of the farms, the amount of milk obtained is low in relation to the Sierra region, and it was also established that farm, genetic group and lactation time have a statistical influence on milk production. In addition, it was determined that none of the farms complied with the requirements established by good livestock practices for milk production, and three aspects were identified as the main problems (infrastructure, feeding and milking management).
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Glioma is the most common primary malignant brain tumor. Surgery combined with postoperative radiotherapy is the standard treatment, but the outcome is unsatisfactory. Currently, proton and carbon ion, the most advanced radiotherapy technology, offer substantial clinical advantages over the conventional photon therapy in multiple tumors. However, the effect of proton and carbon ion radiotherapy in glioma has not been clarified clearly. This article will elaborate on the basic research and clinical outcomes of proton and carbon ion radiotherapy for glioma.
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Objective:To explore the current status and influencing factors of polypharmacy burden in inpatient with elderly comorbidity.Methods:Convenience sampling method was used to select 393 in patients with elderly comorbidity of multiple medications who were hospitalized in North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital from September 2020 to January 2021 as the research object, using the general situation questionnaire, the Living with Medicines Questionnaire (LMQ), the Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS), the Medication Compliance Scale (Morisky Scale) to investigate. Descriptive analysis of general data characteristics and polypharmacy burden scores were performed, and t-test, variance analysis, and multiple linear stepwise regression analysis were used to analyze influencing factors. Results:The polypharmacy burden for inpatient with elderly comorbidity was (136.95 ± 22.34) points, and the score rate was 70.23%, which was at a moderately high level. Multi-factor analysis showed that age, education level, personal monthly income, the number of illnesses, the number of medications, the duration of medication, social support, and medication compliance were independent factors influencing polypharmacy burden in inpatient with elderly comorbidity ( R 2=0.821, adjusted R 2=0.818, F=220.65, P<0.001). Conclusions:The polypharmacy burden in inpatient with elderly comorbidity is at a moderately high level. It is recommended that medical staff should develop individualized nursing interventions to reduce the polypharmacy burden for the factors that affect the burden of multiple medications for this population.
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Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a genetically heterogeneous group of connective tissue diseases that are commonly characterized by chronic joint synovial inflammation with unknown etiology in childhood.It is cu-rrently incurable and the main therapeutic goal is to achieve clinical remission.The drugs currently used to treat JIA mainly include non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs, glucocorticoid, disease modifying antirheumatic drugs, and biological agents.In this article, recent advances in the understanding of JIA treatment and related clinical research were reviewed, in an attempt to provide prospects for the future direction of drug development and treatment concepts.
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Objective To review the status of pesticide residues in vegetables and fruits and the progress of risk assessment, and to provide data support for pesticide residue research, residents' dietary exposure risks and safety risk management. Methods Domestic and international literature and research data available are reviewed and analyzed. Results This article mainly reviews the literature on the investigation of current status of pesticide residues in vegetables and fruits. It also discusses several methods and models that have been widely employed in the dietary exposure risk assessment of pesticide residues worldwide. Conclusion Pesticide residues have been frequently reported in vegetables and fruits, mainly including organophosphorus, organochlorine, carbamate and pyrethroid pesticide residues. The relevant risk assessment results indicate that different groups of people, especially those with high exposure, have cumulative dietary exposure risks to pesticides in vegetables and fruits. Although most pesticide residues have been detected at low concentrations in vegetables and fruits, they have potential toxicity risks and require continuous attention.
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In the WHO new road map for neglected tropical diseases 2021—2030, the disease-specific targets are classified into control, elimination as a public health problem, elimination and eradication, and taeniasis and cysticercosis are targeted for control. The overall prevalence of taeniasis and cysticercosis is low in China, and varies remarkably in regions and populations; however, there are many challenges for elimination of taeniasis and cysticercosis in China. Based on previous taeniasis and cysticercosis control programs, developing a sensitive taeniasis and cysticercosis surveillance-response system, updating criteria for diagnosis of taeniasis and cysticercosis, proposing a national guideline for treatment of taeniasis and cysticercosis, and strengthening interdisciplinary and intersectoral communications and collaborations are urgently needed under the One Health concept.
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In recent years, neoadjuvant therapy, which can reduce the tumor stage, increase the surgical resection rate and the proportion of radical resection, reduce the risk of tumor recurrence and metastasis thus bringing survival benefit for local advanced gastric cancer patients, plays increasingly important roles in the comprehensive treatment of gastric cancer. In China, the early diagnosis rate of gastric cancer is particularly low and most patients with gastric cancer are diagnosed as locally advanced. Therefore, it is of crucial importance to discuss the current status and challenges of neoadjuvant therapy in gastric cancer. Combined with the existing clinical research results and guidelines and consensus, the authors analyze the application of neoadjuvant therapy in the comprehensive treatment of gastric cancer. Currently, more high-quality clinical trials are still needed to answer the questions related to neoadjuvant therapy of gastric cancer, such as the indication and regimen, and the optimal cycles and doses of agents, combination of targeted therapy or immunotherapy. Furthermore, how to tailor the individualized treatment strategies according to the pathological stages, molecular characteristics and gene polymophism of patients are still the problems unsolved nowadays. The authors comprehensively analyze the literature at home and abroad to deeply explore the current status and challenges of neoadjuvant therapy in gastric cancer.
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Gastroesophageal reflux disease and its complications are harmful to human health. In recent years, due to the rising living standards and the changing diet structure of Chinese people, the incidence rate of gastroesophageal reflux disease in China is on the rise, and the awareness of clinicians on these diseases gradually increased. Laparoscopic anti-reflux surgery has become the main surgical method for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease, and its curative effect has been widely recognized. At present, laparoscopic anti-reflux surgery for gastro-esophageal reflux disease has been carried out for more than 10 years in China, which has accumulated valuable experience and achieved rapid development, providing Chinese evidences for the academic community. Anti-reflux surgery for gastroesophageal reflux disease in China is also facing challenges and opportunities. How to promote anti-reflux surgery comprehensively, train professional clinicians, and improve the surgical efficacy is an important research topic of anti-reflux surgery in China. Based on the literatures at home and abroad and team experience, the authors reviewe the development of gastroesophageal reflux disease anti-reflux surgery in China, and look forward to the future development direction.
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Objective:To investigate the status of aged nursing assistants post competency under the regional linkage mechanism in the elderly and the impact on nursing staff post competency factors.Methods:In December 2019, in Baoshan district of Shanghai elderly regional linkage center, the 159 nursing staff from 8 medical institutions were selected by stratified cluster random sampling method and investigated by the post competency questionnaire.The post competency of nursing staff was evaluated from three dimensions of work attitude, work ability and communication adjustment.Results:A total of 157 elderly care workers participated in the survey, age was (50.9±5.4)years old. The total score of post competency was (73.21±14.26) points, which belonged to the general level. In three dimensions,the work attitude dimension scored the highest, (28.92±7.40) points, and the communication adjustment dimension score was the lowest, (21.08±6.41) points. Among the items, the item of "ethics" had the highest score, and the item of "resolving contradictions" had the lowest score. Single factor analysis showed that there were differences in job competency of aged nursing assistants with different educational levels, with or without work experience, length of service ( F values were 1.229, 0.068, t value was 1.147, all P<0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the work experience of senior care workers ( B value was 0.435, P<0.05), length of service ( B value was -1.792, P<0.05) were the factors that affected the competency of aged nursing assistants. Conclusions:The work attitude, basic knowledge, work enthusiasm, and basic care skills of elderly care workers in the district have been effectively supervised under the regional linkage mechanism for the elderly, but they are relatively weak in solving conflicts, communication skills, thinking skills, and listening skills. Therefore, the role of the regional linkage mechanism for the elderly should be strengthened to improve the job competence of the elderly care workers in the grass-roots medical institutions, thereby improving the service level of the elderly and improving the quality of elderly care.
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Objective:Proposed suggestions to improve the quality of investigator-initiated trials follow-up management under the normalization of COVID-19.Methods:Analyzed current status and challenges of follow-up management in China investigator initiated trial through a combination of literature review and previous work reflection, in the context of normalization of COVID-19.Results:Follow-up management of investigator initiated trial had shown variations in follow-up contents, methods, personnel and auxiliary tools. The insufficient research funding and lacking of professional clinical research team support have led to the challenges of low follow-up visits, insufficient follow-up personnel, lack of electronic follow-up platforms, and unknown follow-up time windows for investigator-initiated trials, which became more prominent in the context of COVID-19.Conclusions:In order to improve the quality of follow-up management during the normalization of COVID-19, appropriate amendment of the investigator-initiated trials follow up should be carefully considered. For instance, taking into account of the characteristics of the research disease, the main research endpoints, the content of the key indicators of the research key follow-up, follow-up methods, follow-up frequency, and follow-up tools to make sure the scientific validity and feasibility, as well as the mandate of clinical research related laws, regulations and ethical requirement. The possible amendments may include follow content, method, mode, frequency, time window. At the same time, re-consent or sufficient disclosure of information should be carried out with compliance of the updated protocols to assure the quality of clinical research follow up.
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Food-borne parasitic diseases include meat-borne, fish-borne, plant-borne, water-borne, mollusk-borne and freshwater crustacean-borne parasitic diseases. The review summarizes the current status and control of 6 major food-borne parasitic diseases in China, including clonorchiasus, paragonimiasis, Taenia solium taeniasis, toxoplasmosis, trichinellosis and angiostrongyliasis, aiming to increase the understanding of food-borne parasitic diseases and provide insights into the development of the control strategy for food-borne parasitic diseases. The transmission of food-borne parasitic diseases are predominantly associated with diet, and neither eating raw nor semi-cooked food is the most effective measure to prevent the development of food-borne parasitic diseases.
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Objective To investigate current status of obesity and its relationship with hypertension in the elderly over 65 in Fujian. Methods From February 2018 to March 2020, cluster sampling method was used to select 11 203 elderly people over 65 years old from residential areas and villages with concentrated population, representative medical and economic development level in Fujian, such as Fuzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Quanzhou, Sanming, Putian, Nanping, Longyan and Ningde. All the selected individuals completed the questionnaires, and the basic data including height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference and blood pressure were measured. Results Among the 11 203 elderly people over the age of 65 in 9 city, there were 5 224 males, 5 979 females, 4 545 patients aged 65-70 years, 3 239 patients aged 70-75 years, 2 200 patients aged 75-80 years, and 1219 patients aged > 80 years. There were 309 cases of low weight (2.76%), 4 971 cases of normal weight (44.37%), 4 362 cases of overweight (38.94%) and 1561 cases of obesity (13.93%). The obesity rate of females was significantly higher than that of males, and the height and overweight rates of males were significantly higher than that of females (P80 age group were lower than those of other age groups, and the detection rate of hypertension was significantly higher than that of other age groups (P<0.05). Conclusion Overweight is more common among the elderly over 65 in Fujian, and the prevalence of hypertension is relatively high among people with low BMI.